Certified Medical-Surgical Registered Nurse Practice Exam

What symptom indicates that a patient has developed autonomic dysreflexia?

1. Hypotension and hypothermia

2. Bradycardia and sweating

3. Severe headache and nausea

4. Chest pain and shortness of breath

The correct answer is: Bradycardia and sweating

The symptom that indicates a patient has developed autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by bradycardia and sweating. Autonomic dysreflexia is primarily a significant medical emergency that can occur in individuals with spinal cord injuries, particularly those at or above the T6 level. This condition arises due to a noxious stimulus (such as a full bladder, bowel impaction, or skin irritation) below the level of the injury, leading to an exaggerated sympathetic response. The presence of bradycardia is indicative of the parasympathetic nervous system's counteraction to the sympathetic dominance, while sweating occurs as a result of the sympathetic nervous system's response above the level of injury. These symptoms are essential in the recognition of autonomic dysreflexia and require immediate intervention to alleviate the triggering stimulus and prevent potentially life-threatening complications. In contrast, hypotension and hypothermia, severe headache and nausea, or chest pain and shortness of breath, while they may indicate other medical issues, are not specifically tied to the pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia. Recognizing the hallmark signs and symptoms is crucial for timely and effective management in patients at risk.