Certified Medical-Surgical Registered Nurse Practice Exam

What is a potential complication of surgery for a patient with a history of alcohol use disorder?

1. Cirrhosis

2. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

3. Pneumonia

4. Deep vein thrombosis

The correct answer is: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

In patients with a history of alcohol use disorder, a significant concern during the perioperative period is the risk of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. This is because chronic alcohol use leads to physical dependence, and when a person who is dependent on alcohol undergoes surgery, there may be a period where they are unable to consume alcohol, particularly if they are fasting before the procedure. The abrupt cessation can trigger withdrawal symptoms which can range from mild anxiety and tremors to severe complications such as seizures and delirium tremens. Recognizing this, healthcare providers often implement protocols to assess and mitigate the risk of withdrawal in patients with a history of alcohol use disorder before, during, and after surgery. This proactive approach is essential for ensuring patient safety and enhancing recovery. While cirrhosis, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis can be potential complications related to surgery, they do not have the same immediate and direct association with a history of alcohol use disorder as withdrawal syndrome does. Therefore, the potential for alcohol withdrawal syndrome poses a more immediate and critical concern for these patients in the surgical context.