Certified Medical-Surgical Registered Nurse Practice Exam

What dietary risk should a nurse prioritize when educating a patient with Parkinson's disease?

1. Fluid overload and drooling

2. Aspiration and anorexia

3. Choking and diarrhea

4. Dysphagia and constipation

The correct answer is: Dysphagia and constipation

In the context of Parkinson's disease, dysphagia and constipation are significant dietary risks that should be prioritized for patient education. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common issue as the disease progresses, leading to potential choking hazards and aspiration pneumonia if food or liquids enter the airway. Ensuring that patients with Parkinson's are educated about modifying their food textures and eating slowly can help mitigate these risks. Constipation is also prevalent in Parkinson's patients due to the disease's effects on the autonomic nervous system and reduced mobility. Dietary fiber intake and adequate hydration are crucial for managing constipation and promoting regular bowel movements. Patients should be informed about high-fiber foods and the importance of maintaining fluid intake to help alleviate these issues. Addressing dysphagia and constipation not only improves the quality of life for patients but also aids in preventing more serious complications associated with Parkinson's disease.